02 - Pharmacology

II. Pharmacology 

 A. Pharmacologic basis for therapy of cardiovascular disease 

B. Antiarrhythmic drugs 

Class I (IA Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide) (IB Phenytoin, Lidocaine, Mexiletine) (IC Flecainide, Propafenone)

Class II (beta blockers)

Class III (amiodarone, sotalol, bretylium)

Class IV (calcium channel blockers)

Others (adenosine, digoxin)

C. Inotropic agents 

Digoxin

Catecholamines (phenylalanine ->tyrosine -> L-DOPA -> dopamine -> norepineprine ->epineprine, neosynephrine, phenylephrine, neosynephrine, fenoldopam, dobutamine, isoproterenol)

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (milrinone)

Calcium sensitizers (levosimendan)

D. Systemic vasoactive agents 

Nitrates (nitric oxide gas, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside)

Calcium channel blockers (see above)

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ACEi (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril)

ARBs Angiotensin-receptor blockers (Losartan, valsartan)

Fenoldopam (see above)

Vasopressin

E. Pulmonary vasoactive agents 

iNO

phosphodiesterase inhibitor 5 (sildenafil)

Prostacyclin agonists 

Endothelin receptor blockers (bosentan, macitentan)

F. Diuretics 

Loop diuretics

Thiazides

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

K spraing diuretics

B-type natriuretic peptides

G. Anti-inflammatory agents 

H. Antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy 

I. Lipid-lowering drugs 

Bile acid sequestrants

HMO CoA reductase inhibitors

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

J. Ductal arteriosus drugs 

Prostaglandins

Idomethacin

Ibuprofen

Tylenol

K. Specific sedative, hypnotic, and analgesic drugs 

Barbiturates 

Benzodiazepines and antagonists (eg, diazepam, midazolam, flumazenil) 

Non-barbiturates/non-benzodiazepines (eg, etomidate, ketamine) 

Opioids (eg, morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, sufentanil, methadone) 

Psychotropic drugs 

Local anesthetics (eg, lidocaine, mepivacaine) 

L. Anti-cholinergic drugs 

 M. Neuromuscular blocking agents 

 N. Inhalation anesthetics 

 O. Antireflux drugs 

P. Enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe, Fabry, Hurler 

Q. Cardiovascular effects of drug abuse

cocaine

diet pills

hallucinogens

inhalants

stimulants

anabolic steroids